Asian Expansion essays

Asian Expansion essays The idea of a global village in modern terms brings up thoughts of a world that is completely connected on each continent by telephone, media, and Internet. The idea of a small world has become a part of everyday life only recently. Although the world has not gotten smaller since the 13th century, it has become more closely connected. This connection was thought to be the work of Western Europeans during the age of exploration and furthered during the imperial age, but now historians using an entirely different approach to history have reanalyzed this idea. By looking at the time in a more global aspect, historians have now reconsidered the idea that Western European expansion caused the connection of the global community. The study of a time period has changed from just a centralized region of study to a study of the event occurring all over the world during the same time frame. Chapter twelve discusses the trans-asian trade routes during the 13th, 14th, and 15th centuries. Trade in Asia during the 13th, 14th, and 15th centuries was expanding rapidly while in Western Europe the fall of the Roman Empire created a time of chaos which lead to the Medieval period. The booming economies of the Eastern World due to trade routes were in stark contrast to the dreadfully poor and defunct lives of Western Europeans. The examples used in the chapter showed a very organized society of merchants and consumers in the East who were essentially thriving in an almost completely free market. This is evident by the amount of boom towns cropping up all around the trade routes. Places that were essentially isolated from the rest of the known world were becoming wealthy due to the traffic caused by traders. In the early years of Asian trading, most traders used land routes that took them over desolate areas. Because most area on the land trade route were Persian or of Iranian-speaking decent, the universal language of tra...

The Scarlet Pimpernal essays

The Scarlet Pimpernal essays The Scarlet Pimpernel was written by Baroness Orczy. The novel was first published in 1905. It tells a story about a brave gentleman of many disguises who seeks out and saves innocent soles from France. The only thing anybody knew about his presence was the blood-red flower known as the Scarlet Pimpernel. The year is 1792. The French Revolution has turned into a Reign of Terror. Daily, turmoil rolls over the crowded streets of Paris, bearing new victims of the unforgivable Madame Guillotine. As the story begins hundreds and hundreds of innocent people are being convicted to the guillotine. When the Scarlet Pimpernel makes his first appearance he is dressed as an old hag who drives a cart. Until the Frenchmen could find out that indeed it was the Scarlet Pimpernel and that in the cart lay Comtesse de Tournay and other traitors, they were long gone. In the midst lay one beauty, Marguerite, with emotional heartbreak she suffers from the decision of saving her dear brother, Armand, or saving the one and only Scarlet Pimpernel. With Chauvelin on her tail she is forced to decide. But upon discovering her husband's covert identity she risks her life in a desperate trip to England to warn him as Chauvelin's forces close in on them both. Percy once again outwits Chauvelin, who is left unable to fulfill his quest of capturing the Pimpernel. After making some parting comments to his nemesis, Percy and Marguerite leave to return to England. Back on the boat they reaffirm their love for one another as they set sail for home. The final scene of the book (if you can call it that...it goes on for about 100 pages!) is very good, and I have to say I didn't suspect Percy's disguise in that caper up to the very end! I thought the ending was rather abrupt, but I hope to read some more of the sequels soon to see how she continued the story. ...

The Crimean War was a travesty of blunders. How did the war begin and Essay

The Crimean War was a travesty of blunders. How did the war begin and progress How did it end What went wrong Why - Essay Example The Crimean War is primarily remembered for the maladministration of the British army. A number of factors led to the Crimean War. The most important or influential factor was the misunderstanding between the powers. This led to a situation of failed co-operation and diplomacy. Britain and France grew suspicious of the activities of Russia. Before the outbreak of the war, Russia, Britain and France were competing for political influence in the Middle East. These countries were mainly focused on Turkey. Religious differences between these countries led to conflicts over the control and access to religious sites. The French Emperor Napoleon III had the ambition of restoring France as the head of the Christian population. The emperor wanted the support of the Catholic Church in case he decided to attack the Orthodox Church, which was supported by Russia. Russia disputed the advances of the French leader. Russia countered the advances of the French by renouncing the French treaty. They also insisted that Russia was the sole protector of the Ottoman Empire in Turkey and th e Orthodox Christians. In response, France responded by sending its naval forces to the Black Sea, which violated the London Straits Convention (Lambert 98). This led to tensions between the Orthodox Russia and Catholic France. The tensions led to conflicts in 1853 in Bethlehem, which as controlled by the Ottoman Empire. During the conflicts, Orthodox monks were killed by French monks. Tsar Nicholas I demanded a resolution of the disputes between the Catholics and Orthodox. The demand for an end of the conflict was not met by the Turkish court. This motivated Nicholas I to mobilize military resources from Russia against Turkey. As conflicts emerged over the Holy Places, Nesselrode and Nicholas I began diplomatic offences with the hope that they would prevent France or Britain from interfering in the conflicts between the Ottoman and Russia. They also

Eduaction in Texas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Eduaction in Texas - Essay Example In the same year, a new law that permanently set aside two million of the ten million dollars in the five United States’ Indemnity bonds received from the settlement with Texas’ boundary was established. After the America’s civil and reconstruction, Texas introduced a new constitution of 1876 that provided 45 million acres of the public domain towards supporting public schools. Moreover, the law directed that income obtained from the new permanent school funds to be invested in bonds (Kemerer and Walsh 56). This law was rewritten in 1884 whereby it created the state superintendent office and affirmation of the state ad valorem tax. Additionally, in the same year, a law that required funds from permanent schools to be invested to other bonds and county towards increasing the income was enacted. After about 100 years, in the 1983, Texas voted and approved constitution amendment that guaranteed district school bonds by the Permanent School Fund (Preuss 144). The education commissioners later approved this amendment leading to proper issuing of bonds by school districts and the same was guaranteed by the Fund corpus. Currently, the local school districts obtain approximately 765 million dollars as income from the Permanent School Fund. Numerous additional laws in Texas and its related towns have ever guaranteed Texas freedom in the administration and development of its schools and led to independence of school districts. The Texas school systems have been credible since 1885 when its high schools sent selected test papers examination to the University of Texas (Shirley 102). Since then, the Texas schools have been affiliated with Texas University, and graduates from these schools send their graduates to Texas University without admission examinations (Preuss 37). The 1911 rural school law established education

Parental Substance Misuse the effects on Children Essay

Parental Substance Misuse the effects on Children - Essay Example Pregnancy and parenthood are important events to all people. They can serve as the spur for substance abusers to seek treatment, to continue treatment, and/or to seek assistance for their children. Parenthood may present a major opportunity for assisting clients in their treatment and assessing the needs of their children. This review has been prepared with the intention of encouraging efforts to respond to this opportunity in the United Kingdom. The proportion of women in drug abuse treatment programs or in need of drug abuse treatment has been increasing. During 2004, 30% of all admissions to drug treatment were female. (Rosenbaum, 2005) Much less is known and documented about the risks of child maltreatment associated with parental cocaine use. This is true despite the prevalence of cocaine use and evidence that cocaine dependency can substantially incapacitate the user (Robins, 2000). A May 2000 United Kingdom study yielded an â€Å"extremely conservative† estimate that some 2.2 million English are â€Å"hard core† cocaine addicts. Such users are reportedly over represented among the homeless and persons arrested for crimes. (Saunders, 2002) According to a study ‘The addicts who break into our homes, turn our neighbourhoods into war zones, and spread disease by selling their bodies are not casual, once-a-month users of illicit drugs-they are UK’s hard core addicts. The children of the hard core addict suffer even more severely, often from physical abuse, and always from neglect’. (Babbie, 2001) Generational continuity in the use of alcohol and drugs is documented in a number of recent studies (Coombs & Dickson, 2001). Adolescents are more likely to drink and use other drugs if their parents do. For example, Kandel and associates (2002) found that 82% of drinking families rise youth who also drink, while 72% of abstaining families produce

Effectiveness Of Non Medical Nurse Prescribing Primary Care

Effectiveness Of Non Medical Nurse Prescribing Primary Care Nurse-led clinics have been increasing for some time and Marsden (1992) identified the benefits of using specialist nurses to compliment services already offered by doctors. Read (1999) defined nurse-led care as being the interface between nursing and medicine. Miles (2003) cited ten individual authors as saying that research shows that nurses are capable of carrying out procedures usually in the domain of doctors, often resulting in greater patient satisfaction. Patient satisfaction is an important quality indicator. Yellen (2002) felt that the measurement of patient satisfaction with nursing care was particularly important as it provided a good measure of overall satisfaction with services. Ford (1997) agreed with this principle but concentrated more on the competitive edge and financial survival being reflected in patient satisfaction. Cohen (1994) advocated the use of satisfaction questionnaires, but both Avis (1997) and Westbrook (1993) doubted their efficacy, questioning the validity of questionnaires and the way in which they are measured. Westbrook (1993) felt that questionnaires may be limiting and poorly evaluated, giving rise to a poor reputation for satisfaction questionnaires. Duffin (2002) commented that questionnaires with tick boxes appear to have limited use and may include leading questions where there is no scope for the patient to enlarge upon their answers. Both Robson (1993) and Wiles (1996) warned that the results of surveys can sometimes paint a falsely positive picture and may be difficult to translate into a course of action. However, Backhouse (2000) says that the power of a successful nurse-led user satisfaction survey lies in the immediacy and relevance of the results. This may have enormous potential to transform practice, especially if the staff are able to remain positive about any possible negative feedback. Backhouse (2000) commented that nurses may tend to take praise for granted, as a regular stream of cards and thanks is often the only feedback they receive. This may produce the belief that the service is satisfactory, but it has been found that although there is a great deal of satisfaction, there is also some dissatisfaction, particularly with respect to information (McColl (1996), Backhouse (2000), Byrne (2000), Duffin (2002)). As a Business Manager in General Practice in an affluent rural environment, the author has found that there are increasing frustrations and limitations with time and resources where a competent healthcare professional could manage a patients care more than adequately during one appointment. Additionally, continuity of care and health care management in a more patient centred, balanced way could benefit the patient. Discussion around the management of their medicines and general health education could aid to the patient taking responsibility for their own health care management. The Welsh Assembly Government (WAG) (WAG 2001, WAG 2005) has prioritised patient access to primary care services for the last few years which has impacted on patient expectation around the need for an urgent appointment. This has caused pressure on appointment systems, and subsequently changes have been made to deal with the demand. One way in which the practice would like to cope with these demands is by enabling the Senior Practice Nurse to give more holistic care, making the consultation seamless for the patient, thus reducing the need for additional appointments, having already consulted with an appropriate healthcare professional (WAG 2001, WAG 2005). This practice nurse is currently undertaking the Independent Nurse Prescribing (non-medical). When qualified, this will tie in with the nurse-led diabetes clinic and Minor Illness clinics for which she is qualified. The natural progression would be for her to prescribe appropriate medicine or dressings in relation to the competencies she has accumulated following evidence based practice in these disciplines. A nurse may spend a considerable amount of time dealing with the assessment and management of a patient, then waiting outside a GPs door for a prescription to be signed. This situation is far from ideal, and with the enhancement of the prescribing qualification, this could be done in a more appropriate way. This literature review looks at aspects of nurse prescribing in primary care, and how this can lead to patient satisfaction, autonomy and job satisfaction for nurse prescribers. Literature Search Strategy (Method: 10% c350 words) 582 LoBiondo-Wood (2002) describes a literature search as an efficient retrieval of scholarly literature related to the topic of interest, while Cormack (2000) describes a literature search as a review of previously written literature on a related topic in order to provide the researcher and the reader with knowledge of the field being researched. Research literature can originate from many sources. The volume of literature would be unmanageable if careful selection was not carried out (Cormack 2000, LoBiondo 2002). Polit (2004) recommends using electronic databases to locate relevant research information and points out the limitations of manual and internet sources as being time consuming and inconvenient, internet searching possibly not providing required results and bibliographic information. Polit (2004) likens locating all relevant information on the chosen subject to being like detective work. Primary research only was sought. CINAHL Plus (Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature) with Full Text and MEDLINE were used to search for key words non-medical AND nurse prescib AND primary care with published dates between January 2004 to present, resulting in 209 hits. These were restricted to research, years 2004-2010 and English-only articles in order to reduce the number of articles to 29. Playle (2000) suggests that the title of a research article is extremely important and should cover focus as well as identifying the research approach used (McCaughan, 1999 Stevens et al, 1993). In the authors case, an informative abstract facilitates the choice of research article. The abstract or introduction, as Bailey (1991) suggests it should prepare the stage for the problem to be investigated, as well as being brief. As suggested by Playle (2000) a well written abstract identifies the main points of the study, although the main weakness can be the word restriction as suggested by Burns and Grove (2001). It should represent an accurate picture (Reid, 1993) of the study with concise methodology, sample subject, reported findings and conclusion. This would enable any reader to base a decision to read the article (Reid, 1993). The rationale for choosing the critique guidelines from Benton Cormack (2000) is based on the convenience and manageability of a well structured process that enables to author to appraise with ease. A literature review is an important element of a research question. Rees (2003 p. 17) indicates that a thorough review of the literature is essential to provide the theoretical and conceptual context for the study. Parahoo (1997) supports this stating a literature search provides the identification and locating up to date material, relevant to the topic under review. It involves the scanning along with critical reading of the literature chosen to assess usefulness to the question under discussion. The authors knowledge and prior reading of literature directed at change management in primary care dictated the final choice of research articles to Richards, L.A; Richards, A; Gilead, L; Stessman, J; blab la bla and Raz, I (1999) title of an article International Journal of Dermatology 38, 623-627 (appendix 1). Those chosen for review were three qualitiative and one quantitative research articles relating to the question under evaluation. AUTHORS All eleven authors have either the appropriate professional qualifications or academic qualifications, for example MD or PhDs. A further research on the authors names and using databases CINAHL and Medline xx to present showed that between them they have published xxx articles in various medical journals with different topics. Most have no bearing on the subject of maggots and wounds blab la bla, while most of them have some bearingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. The review (50% c1750 words) 2168 THE REVIEW (PAULAs) LITERATURE REVIEW A good literature review draws on a wide range of sources (McCaughan, 1999) and will identify the need for research. Nevertheless, A poor literature does not invalidate the findings but a good one does enhance the status of the research (Stevens et al, 1993:135). HYPOTHESIS A hypothesis is not included and an explanation could be that the aim of this study is to provide new information by utilising a descriptive research method. Burns and Grove (2001) suggested that if there is very little or no research being conducted on a particular question, then researchers state objectives or questions and there is an objectiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS Quantitative research should have all terms explained or defined. Stevens et al (1993) refer to common error by researchers in the assumption that readers are knowledgeable about the jargon and terminologies employed. METHODOLOGY The research approach is not acknowledged within the article. Howedver, it can be assumed that the approach is quantitative, in that it involves manipulation of the independent variable.. On the other hand, to provide the strongest evidence with a greater degree of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Also included are certain qualitative components such as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. that would indicated possible combination of the two approaches, qualitative and quantitative. Using this combination in approach to research may not appear to be very scientific, however Docherty (2000) suggests that this method may produce a more meaningful and richer data. Even so, there is strength and weakness to both approaches and neither have been stated within this study. On the other handà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ but backed up with à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. And the author agreed with this type of approach as it enables a reader to scrutinise the data, without having to be familiar with research methodology, data statistics or the terminology. SUBJECTS The subjects are identified as 43xx in five depts. Of xx hospital à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Nevertheless, many potential or suitable candidates for this type of research may be unwilling to participate (burns Grove, 2001 and Reid Boore, 1987) due to the xxxx. SAMPLE SELECTION The approach to the sample selection is not clearly stated and a good research study should explain the sample selection method as suggested by Baxter (2001b). Howeverà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ On the other hand, all the subjects are typically,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. DATA COLLECTION Data collection procedures areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. not acknowledgedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. The validity and reliability are undefined within this study and McCaughan (1999) suggests that if the researcher has not mentioned testing for reliability and validity then it is unlikely that it has been done. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS Xxxxx ethical committee à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. In the authors opinion, ethical consideration should have been an important part of this articleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Nonetheless Appendix 3 shows/à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. As suggested by Matthews Venables (1998) every published research report should include a description on how the informed consent is given. On the other hand, lack of acknowledgement of anonymity, confidentiality as well as the description of informed consent does not necessarily mean they have not been considered (Firby, 1995 McCaughan, 1999), merely that the researchers assumed that the results and method were more interesting to the reader. RESULTS The results are presented as xxxxx and backed up by xxx, which showed that xxx. However, quantitative data is limited wtug xxxx. In spite of this, there is sufficient detail that would enable a reader without any research experience to look at the results and understand what they signify and to judge with confidence the findings. DATA ANALYSIS The data analysis is appropriate to the type of data collected that is percentages and for the type of read that xxx was aiming for. In some ways the method employed is simple and easy to replicate. However, thereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Clarke (1999c) suggests that the data analysis relies heacily on the researchers skill and judgement to see that it is accurately exeuted, also not reported are values such as test values df and p. In addition, poor quality analysis will render the data anecdotal and unfocused, yet the analysis is focused, credible and to improve upon this, the author would suggest the inclusion of statistical tables. DISCUSSION The discussion is not really balanced, as it only mentions and draws upon xxxx However, what is discussed is very concise and knowledgeable. There is also no acknowledgement of the limitations or weakness of this particular stify and there is only one reference to disadvantages, THAT IS à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. (Teresas) LITERATURE REVIEW The aim of the literature review was to find out what the nurses role is in primary care, in relation to providing xxxxx. To assist in the critiquing process, quantitative and qualitative papers were reviewed using the Benton and Cormack (2000) framework. Although the author finds this framework comprehensive and simplistic, it is noted Rees (2003) states qualitative and quantitative research are extremely different, and same method of critiquing cannot be used. This opinion is not upheld by Benton and Cormack (2000) as they promote the use of one framework for both. Within the articles reviewed the evident themes that emerged are xxx and xxxx. In order to guide the reader to continue reading a paper, the abstract should set the scene for the rest of the report. Playle (2000) states an abstract that is soundly written will list the main points of a study. It is noted three out of the four articles reviewed have concise detailed abstracts. Although, that by xxx (2006) lacked depth, understanding and did note cite up to date government papers to support the topic of xxxx. Burns and Grove (2001) highlight that a potential weakness noted wihin Gibbs et al (2004b) paper was the difficulty the reader encountered at determining whether the paper was quantitative or qualitative. Parahoo (1997) concedes this should have been obtained within the abstract, as this should briefly summarise the method, sampling and main findings within a study. Within the abstracts of the articles reviewed, the researchers have clearly portrayed and accurate image of all study methodologies, reported findings, sample subjects and conclusions. EDUCATION Gibbs et al (2004a) initial quantitative research paper tested one hundred and forty-one general practitioners and sixty-six practice nurse opinions relating to xxxx. Results favourably showed that ninety-seven percent of practice nurses raised xxxx but the article concluded xxxx within primary care and mainly relied upon xxxx. Leading on from this study, Gibbs et al (2004b) carried out a quantitative study involving eight general practices and one thousand five hundred and forty-nine kxdffdsdf. The article reports on xxxx. This quantitative paper involved structured interviews where questions were asked in a planned format. A structured interview involves set questions with no deviation from these (Parahoo 1997). A limitation of the study was the elevated drop-out rate but positively forty percent achieved a five percent or more weight loss at twelve months. It highlights whether the researcher has performed the study in a logical, systematic method, having paid attention to pointers that may influence the accuracy of the results (Rees 2003). Although Burns and Grove (2001) argue that a rigorous study should have exact measurement tools, a representative sample and a tightly controlled design. Audit was conducted in all practices prior to the study, where measurement tools such as weighing scales, height measure and large blood pressure cuffs were assessed. The provided consistency of the tools used at each centre along with evidence of their validity. Validity refers to whether an instrument measures what it stated to be measuring whilst reliability relies upon individuals using the tools and reporting accurate measurments obtained (Carter and Porter 2000). It was noted those practices participating in this study were self-selected, already having an interest in obesity management, thus possibly weakening representations. It was encouraging that a cross-section of those involved included large practices, rural, urban, single handed and those fro low deprivation areas. This appeared to provide a representative population with no evidence of bias selection. The xxxx project was ethically approved by xxxx. In contrast Moore et al (2003) in a cluster randomised control studyxxxxxxxx Cluster randomised trual means the sampling frame are geographically spread or the individual elements of the population are not know (Rees 2003). The advantage of this process is achievement of an accessible sample from an almost impossible total population (Rees 2003). Donnan (2000) states experimental research is the gold standard way of representing in a rigorous style that a treatment or intervention is effective. It concludes it si an essential tool for qualitative evaluation of a studys worth. Greenhalgh (2006) draws attention to the fact that publication of an article does not mean the evidence is robust. In conclusion as found in xxxx. Rees (2003) states bias is anything that distorts or affects a study, potentially altering or influencing the accuracy of the findings. Results noted that xxxx. They conclude more in=depth training of health professionals is needed xxxx. This would involve further implementation of training progrmmes and additional research. Ethical approval was granted by the xxxx ethics committee. The research paper by XX (2007) mixes quantitative and qualitative approaches and is known as triangulation,. Docherty (2000) suggests use of triangulation provides richer, more meaningful data. Holloway and Wheeler (2002) support this method stating it to be a way of obtaining rigour in qualitative research. Rees (2003 p. 235) lists this as being the use of more than one method of data collection within the same study in an attempt to produce more accurate information and understanding. This was a cross-sectional study with questionnaires being completed by forty General Practitioners and forty-seven practice nurses. A limitation to this study was no indication was made of the total number of initial questionnaires sent out in comparison to the response rate. A cross-sectional study is a survey that gazes at a situation at one point in time (Rees 2003). The qualitative results by xx (2005) were not shown within the report and rigour was disputed on reading the research paper as a full conclusion of the findings could not be made. It is realised word restriction could be the main reason for the results being omitted, but unfortunately it leaves the reading having to guess what they might have concluded. Ethical approval was supported by xxxx. In comparison with Gibbs et al (2004b) article the outcomes indicated mirror one another, with both papers coming to the conclusion that opportunties for xxxxxx in primary care are often missed or inadequate time given to education and support. Although the report by xx(2-3) shows xxxx, it was indicated this was in accordance with increasing responsibilities in implementation of chronic disease management. It is highlighted in the report that caution regarding results needs to take place. Also this article, although mainly quantitative, has a small sample size. Parahoo (1997) states quantitative research usually involves large numbers in probability samples. The importance of large numbers aims to lessen the chance of bias and correctly achieve statistical procedures (Rees 2003). A pilot study was not carried out prior to this research. Piloting of a questionnaire increases research validity and reliability as it highlights any anticipated problems accessing data, and ensures the method used to gather data works (Parahoo 1997). Research should be instigated because the researcher wants to extend knowledge base and understanding through rigorous collection of information, answering a question objectively and with accuracy (Rees 2003). SUPPORT Soanso (2009) article is a qualitative study and deals with support and perceptions of the patient who is obese. This is a primary study that reports research findings first hand (Greenhalgh 2006). Rees (2003) states to have involvement in qualitative research and understand a topic, individuals first have to see it through the eyes of those who experience it. This method aims to summarise perceptions, experiences, behaviour or interpretations. This process included a qualitative study with semi-structured interviews drawing on grounded theory methodology. Grounded theory aims to produce a concept or explanation that is grounded in the results and arises inductively by researchers understanding and analysis (Rees 2003). Polit et al (2001) strongly supports interviews stating they by far outweigh questionnaires. The response rate is higher, reaching a wider population than questionnaires, are less likely to mislead those reading the questions and provide wealthier data. Rees (2003) ag rees with the above adding, those involved can experience the belief of being in control and positively feeling more valued. It is noted there are disadvantages such as high cost, participants providing socially acceptable answers, affect of interviewer status and difficultly in expressing feelings (Rees 2003). Five general practices from differing socioeconomic backgrounds in Sheffield were involved with interviews conducted at their homes. This provided a varied population adding rigour to the study, and it could be generally assumed an individual would feel more comfortable being interviewed within their own surroundings. Although, it can be argued that interviewers have less power to control the interview within this environment as there is no assurance that the interviewee will maintain a safe place with no interruption, disturbance or being overheard (Pontin Webb 1995, Webb Pontin 1996). Kdfsdfsfhskdfhsd. Ethical approval was sought prior to this study from xxx Ethics Committee. Application to clinical practice (30% c 1050 words) 1086 APPLICATION TO PRACTICE At present within the authors practice setting issues of xxxx are raised xxxx. Since April 2006 the General Medical Service Contract (National Health Service 2006) awarded points for the xxxx. This critical review of the literature has aimed to answer the question: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx? It is well documented that xxxx. Research that has been carried out in an ethical manner and is of robust design can benefit all involved and improve practice (Royal College of Nursing 2004). The document Best Research for Best Health (Department of Health 2006a) states research provides the support and evidence to tackle increasing challenges that disease and ill health have placed on society. This document supports a pilot study within primary care in England to improve evidence based practice of care by facilitating the conduct of clinical trial and other well designed studies. It would hardly be an exaggeration to say, pending successful results in 2014, the use of this structure within primary care in Wales could potentially benefit application of much needed research findings into practice. Findings of this review showed the counterweight project by Gibbs et al (2004a, 2004b) provided the best evidence of implementation within practice, showing xxxx. The Cochrane Library for Sytematic Reviews (2004) supports the Counterweight Project (2004b) stating The Counterweight Programme is an evidence-based weight managmentxxxx Brown Psarou (2007) in their literature review also supported this project stating it was rigorously conducted and soundly funded. Presentation of these research findings were undertaking xxxx. Banning (2005) suggests the management of obesity should focus on xxxx. The National Institue for Clinical Excellence (2001) states that primary care nurses are ideally placed to manage and assess obese individuals. This comprehensive package addresses issues and management of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. The material is simplistic with the alforithm providing an easy guide for the primary care nurse to follow, The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ pathway opportunistically at routine appointments or reviews. To implement this in the clinical setting, xxxx. Successful implementation of this pathway into the practice setting would require change management issues to be addressed. Implementation of change following research can be a difficult process. Resistance, resentment and jealousy can all impede implementation of the change process (Cormack 2000). To overcome resistance to change the key factor is leadership, along with effective communication and a sound understanding of what motivates people (LaMonica 1994). Those involved in the change process must be kept informed and involved at each stage of change. Individuals like equilibrium and are keen to be involved once they know the process will not cause problems or a change of workload (Broome 1998). (Paulas) CONCLUSION A conclusion was included within the abstract, xxxx As suggested by McCaughan (1999) and Playle (2000), there is a restriction placed on researchers and authors by publications to condense from a much larger and more detailed research report. It can be assumed that this is the case with this research article. However, as suggested by Baxter (2001c) that in qualitative research to aid the flow and understandings, discussion and conclusion are kept together under one heading. In the authors opinion, the conclusion should have à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ RECOMMENDATIONS Stevens et al (1993) suggests the realistic researcher would draw conclusion from the data presented and then make further recommendations on what other research is required. However, there is no heading of recommendation or any indication that one was included. Alternatively, suggestions for further research studies and in the authors opinion threr should have been a recommendation for future randomised control trial. There is a possibility as suggested by Playle (2000) that the actual research report is more detailed with recommendations, but this may have been lost when condensed for publication. Teresas conclusion In conclusion, this literature review has shown xxxx. To achieve this, implementation of findings along with ongoing research is necessary to sustain the evolving needs of xxxx. It should be noted that a limited number of research articles were used for this review, providing partial evidence. Thus, it is suggested more concrete evidence is needed requiring a further search and review of the literature on xxxx. It would hardly be an exaggeration to say that this review has highlighted the need for further research on the topic of xxxx relating to support and education. It can be said this would potentially emphasise additional studies, which in turn could be applied to practice improving nurse education and support to the obese patient. APPLICATION TO CLINICAL PRACTICE AUTHORS CONCLUSIONS The article on à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Appeared to be a concise, informative and innovative piece of research on first perusal. However, what appeared at first glance to be justà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. turned out to be more complicated upon closer iinvestigation and mmmmmm. The reader begins to questionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ It has a focus and direction, which is to assess the efficacy of maggot therapy and a very concise and informative methodology, which would enable anyone to reproduce a similar type of research. The data collection procedures are not clearly identified, although the simple representation allows it to be easily followed and replicated. This is further confounded by the entwined discussion and conclusion and as suggested by Baxter (2001c) this often occurs with qualitative research. Nevertheless, the reader must balance the evidence presented and sometimes more than one type of evidence (Roberts, 1999) is needed to determine if the interventions is practicable or efficient, as well as ethical and morally sound (Freak, 1995). Another point is the ethical considerations à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Ethical significance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. An assumption is the researcher focus on the results or alternative the method, as being more interesting or important (Firby, 1995) to the reader. As suggested by various authors including Polit Hungler (1991) all research has limitation and can be imperfect and if this research article has been condensed from a much larger research report, then this critique has been conducted on a published condensed research article and not the actual research report. Therefore, what imperfections or liitations that are identified within this critique, is the ability of the researchers to actually condense their work and the readers have to assume that the researchers have honestly presented their fndings (Firby, 1995). For all the points highlighted like ethical, operational definitions, qualitative/quantitative approach, this is a very good informative research article that allows anyone to replicate the study. AUTHORS RECOMMENDATION The author would like to recommend thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Furthermore, it à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. However, as reported by XX, the main disadvantage is,,,, nevertheless, A readonable recommendation in the authors opinion would beà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, In addition, if there isà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ INTEGRATING RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE Sdfhsdkfhshdfhdfh to advocate and support the patient. References Avis, M. Bond, M. Arthur, A. (1997). Questioning patient satisfaction: an empirical investigation in two outpatient clinics. Social Science Medicine. 44,1:85-92 Backhouse, S. Brown, Y. (2000). Using a patient satisfaction survey to close the theory-practice gap. Nursing Standard. 14,38:32-35 Byrne, G. Richardson, J. Patel, A. (2000). Patient satisfaction with emergency nurse practitioners in AE. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 9,1:83-93 Cohen, L. Delaney, P. Boston, P. (1994). Listening to the customer: implementing a patient satisfaction measurement system. Gastroenterology Nursing. 17,3:110-115 Cormack, D. (editor) (2000). The Research Process in Nursing. (4th ed). Blackwell Science Ltd. Oxford. Duffin, C. (2002). If youre happy and you know it. Nursing Standard. 16,32:12-13 Ford, R. Bach, S. Fottler, M. (1997). Methods of measuring patient satisfaction in health care organizations. Health Care Management Review. 22,2:74-79 LoBiondo-Wood, G. Haber, J. (2002). Nursing Research, Methods, Critical Appraisal and Utilization. Mosby. Missouri. Marsden, E. (1992). Outpatient nurses must adapt to survive. British Journal of Nursing. 1(7) 356-357 McColl, E. Thomas, L. Bond, S. (1996). A study to determine patient satisfaction with nursing care. Nursing Standard. 10,52:34-38 Miles, K. Penny, N. Power, R. Mercey, D. (2003). Comparing doctor and nurse-led care in a sexual health clinic: patient satisfaction questionnaire. Journal of Advanced Nursing.42 (1), 64-72 Polit, D. Beck, C. Hungler, B. (2004). Essentials of Nursing Research, Methods, Appraisal a

Sanctity of Life Essay -- Science Biology

Sanctity of Human Life Does a person have the right to kill another human life, at any stage of development? A city council debates over whether to sacrifice Bill, a man with no earthly attachments, to save five members of society. Two parents face the choice of using an embryonic stem cell treatment to reverse their son’s paralysis, or leave him paralyzed from the neck down. The mother wishes to employ the treatment while the stepfather is against the treatment because it kills an embryo. In both situations, sanctity of life compels one not to sacrifice an innocent human life, potential or existing, to improve the well-being of another. An embryo is potential human life; therefore, one cannot sacrifice it. Potential human life is present at the point of conception, when the egg and sperm join. Only nine months separate this embryo from being a developed human. Letting an embryo die to increase the well-being of the young man disregards the sanctity of human life. The young man still has potential; he is not dead. The embryo personifies the rawest potential in human life. Both are human lives that have inviolable potential. Kant’s categorical imperative is applicable here. The embryo is an end, not a means. It should be valued for its very existence; it is a significant life with equal standing alongside other lives. A universal law is moral only if applied to all persons. If one believes all should be honest, then he or she must be honest or that law is not universal. Universal application of the sanctity of life deems sacrificing one to save another as immoral, for then one is making an exception to that law . Thus, no form of human life is worthy of sacrifice. In the organ-harvesting dilemma, the sanctity of life prevents... ...at endangers others. Works Cited Weston, Anthony. A 21st Century Ethical Tool Box. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford, 2008. Print. Pgs.127-144 Anthony Weston has taught ethics for 25 years and currently is a professor of ethics at Elon University. He has written numerous books regarding ethics and the employment of them. This book is a guide discovering ethics, their morality, and application. He utilizes vivid excerpts from renowned authors and philosophers to impart information effectively. While reading this book, one discovers new concepts about the world around one and oneself. Weston credits collaborative professors of similar studies, with helping produce this book in the beginning of the text. Information taken from Weston’s book was crucial for understanding ethics, especially the excerpt from Kant’s Grounding for the Metaphysics Morals.

Animal imagery is a prominent and extremely important device in the novel

Of Mice and Men is a great novel written by John Steinbeck, a Nobel Prize-winning author. Based on Steinbeck's own experiences at the time, it tells the sad story of George Milton and Lennie Small, two migrant workers who learn to look out for one another during the Great Depression in Salinas, California. For the duration of the tale, Steinbeck makes references to animals and their significance, both through symbolism and reflecting character's personalities. The mice, the rabbits and the dogs are three important recurring animal images in the novel. Mice have a crucial importance in the novel, as well as Lennie's relationship with the mice. Firstly, Lennie likes to feel soft things, and his obsession with with petting mice grants him with security and comfort. Even if the animal is lifeless, Lennie still pets it to comfort it as well as to comfort himself. The simple feeling of the mouse's smooth fur running between his fingers provide him with a sense of contentment. This symbolizes his soft and caring attitude along with his warm heart. Secondly, the dead mouse in Lennie's pocket is a strong symbol foreshadowing the end awaiting all weak and helpless creatures. This shows that not only is Lennie symbolically playing with death, but that, in his perspective, death isn't a fear of his. The reader learns that the dead mouse Lennie finds is not the first mouse he has had, but because of his strength, they always ended up dead if they were alive to begin with. Therefore, the mouse Lennie finds dies a fast untimely death. Thirdly, even with Lennie's physical strength and size, his childlike mental capabilities make him as helpless as a mouse. The fact that Lennie gets, and accidentally kills the mice he has, reveals his uncontrolled strength and his compassion for soft things. Rabbits are also another notable animal mentioned in the novel. Firstly, they are the only thing that Lennie does not seem to forget. Every time he asks George to tell him the story of their little house, he always mentions the rabbits, as if without the rabbits on their land, even if they would have a place they can call their own, it would not be the same. Secondly, the rabbits that Lennie hopes to have and care for give George control over him. Lennie's happiness is based on his hopes for this land, so he will be able to tend his rabbits. Knowing this, George constantly threatens him with not allowing him to tend the rabbits if he does not behave and follow his orders. George tells Lennie † if you do [get in trouble], I won't let you tend to the rabbits,† (p.17). This becomes Lennie's motivation to behave and to watch what he does. He imagines stroking an looking after his rabbits on the little house he and George plan on owning. For this reason, being he has something to hope for, he tries harder to be good and has no limits of what he would do for his dream to come true. And Finally, like mice, rabbits are soft creatures that Lennie does not only wish to tend but to pet as well. Dogs are principal animal figures stated in the novel. Firstly, Steinbeck starts by comparing Lennie's loyalty to that of a dog. † His huge companion dropped his blankets and flung himself down and drank from the surface of the green pool, † (p.4). Although he does not do so directly, this image compares Lennie, when he is drinking from the pool, to, as the phrase goes, †man's best friend†. Throughout the book, Lennie proves his complete loyalty and unconditional love and friendship. Like a dog, he does not understand certain concepts. He also does not think about the consequences of his actions. Steinbeck's comparisons between Lennie and animals, like dogs, bears, and horses, reinforce the impending sense of doom. Secondly, Candy's dog has a great importance in the novel as well. His death is linked to the death of Lennie because this dog represents the fate awaiting anyone that becomes no longer useful. In other words, anyone who outlives his or her purpose will be put out, one way or another. The dog's death brings out a major fear in Candy. He himself is nearing an age when he will no longer be useful on the ranch and therefore will no longer be welcomed there either. Finally, Lennie's puppy is one of several symbols that demonstrate the victory of the strong over the weak. Lennie kills the puppy unintentionally, as he has killed many mice before, for the plain reason that he does not recognize his own strength. Animals in the novel, from mice to rabbits to dogs, all die untimely deaths and have an intense significance. Steinbeck's references to animals portrays the characteristics of the characters as well. These comparisons are not only meaningful in the book but also in real life.

Mexican Involvement in World War II

Mexican Involvement in World War II During World War II, Mexico played a significant role in the Allied effort. Everyone knows the World War II Allied Powers: the United States of America, the United Kingdom, France, Australia, Canada, New Zealand...and Mexico? Thats right, Mexico. In May 1942, the United States of Mexico declared war on the Axis alliance. They even saw some combat: a Mexican fighter squad fought valiantly in the South Pacific in 1945. But their importance to the Allied effort was much greater than a handful of pilots and airplanes. Significant Contributions It is unfortunate that Mexico’s significant contributions are often overlooked. Even before their official declaration of war- and despite the presence of important German interests in the country in the form of iron, hardware, chemicals, and pharmaceutical companies- Mexico closed its ports to  German ships  and submarines. Had they not, the effect on U.S. shipping might have been disastrous. Mexico’s industrial and mineral production was an important part of the U.S. effort, and the economic importance of the thousands of farmworkers manning the fields while the American men were away cannot be overstated. Also, let us not forget that while Mexico officially only saw a bit of aerial combat, thousands of Mexican  servicemen did fight, bleed, and die for the Allied cause, all the while wearing a uniform of the United States. Mexico in the 1930s In the 1930s, Mexico was a devastated land. The Mexican Revolution (1910–1920) had claimed hundreds of thousands of lives; as many more were displaced or saw their homes and cities destroyed. The Revolution was followed by the Cristero War (1926–1929), a series of violent uprisings against the new government. Just as the dust was beginning to settle, the Great Depression started and the Mexican economy suffered badly. Politically, the nation was unstable as Alvaro Obregà ³n, last of the great revolutionary warlords, continued to rule directly or indirectly until 1928. Life in Mexico did not start to improve until 1934 when the honest reformer Lzaro Crdenas del Rio took power. He cleaned up as much of the corruption as he could and made great strides toward re-establishing Mexico as a stable, productive nation. He kept Mexico decidedly neutral in the brewing conflict in Europe, even though agents from Germany and the United States continued to try to gain Mexican support. Crdenas nationalized Mexicos vast oil reserves and the property of foreign oil companies over the protests of the United States, but the U.S., seeing war on the horizon, was forced to accept it. The Opinions of Many Mexicans As the clouds of war darkened, many Mexicans wanted to join on one side or the other. Mexicos loud communist community first supported Germany while Germany and Russia had a pact, then supported the Allied cause once the Germans invaded Russia in 1941. There was a sizable community of Italian immigrants who supported entry in the war as an Axis power as well. Other Mexicans, disdainful of fascism, supported joining the Allied cause. The attitude of many Mexicans was colored by historical grievances with the U.S.: the loss of Texas and the American west, intervention during the revolution, and repeated incursions into Mexican territory caused a lot of resentment. Some Mexicans felt that the United States was not to be trusted. These Mexicans did not know what to think: some felt that they should join the Axis cause against their old antagonist, while others did not want to give the Americans an excuse to invade again and counseled strict neutrality. Manuel vila Camacho and Support for the U.S. In 1940, Mexico elected conservative PRI (Revolutionary Party) candidate Manuel vila Camacho. From the start of his term, vila decided to stick with the United States. While at first many of his fellow Mexicans disapproved of his support for their traditional foe to the north and railed against vila, when Germany invaded Russia, many Mexican communists began supporting their president. When Pearl Harbor was attacked in December 1941, Mexico was one of the first countries to pledge support and aid and it severed all diplomatic ties with the Axis powers. At a conference in Rio de Janeiro of Latin American foreign ministers in January 1942, the Mexican delegation convinced many other countries to follow suit and break ties with the Axis powers. Mexico saw immediate rewards for its support. U.S. capital flowed into Mexico, building factories for wartime needs. The U.S. purchased Mexican oil and sent technicians to quickly build up Mexican mining operations for much-needed metals like mercury, zinc, copper and more. The Mexican armed forces were built up with U.S. weapons and training. Loans were made to stabilize and boost industry and security. Benefits up North This invigorated partnership also paid great dividends for the United States of America. For the first time, an official, organized program for migrant farmworkers was developed and thousands of Mexican â€Å"braceros† (literally, â€Å"arms†) flowed north to harvest crops. Mexico produced important wartime goods such as textiles and construction materials. In addition, thousands of Mexicans- some estimates reach as high as a half-million- joined the U.S. armed forces and fought valiantly in Europe and the Pacific. Many were second or third generation and had grown up in the U.S., while others had been born in Mexico. Citizenship was automatically granted to veterans, and  thousands settled in their new homes after the war. Mexico Goes to War Mexico had been cool to Germany since the start of the war and hostile after Pearl Harbor. After German submarines began attacking Mexican merchant ships and oil tankers, Mexico formally declared war on the Axis powers in May 1942. The Mexican navy began actively engaging German vessels and Axis spies in the country were rounded up and arrested. Mexico began to plan to actively join in combat. Eventually, only the Mexican Air Force would see combat. Their pilots trained in the United States and by 1945 they were ready to fight in the Pacific. It was the first time that Mexican armed forces were deliberately prepared for overseas combat. The 201st Air Fighter Squadron, nicknamed the â€Å"Aztec Eagles,† was attached to the 58th fighter group of the United States Air Force and sent to the  Philippines  in March of 1945. The Squadron consisted of 300 men, 30 of whom were pilots for the 25 P-47 aircraft that comprised the unit. The squad saw a fair amount of action in the waning months of the war, mostly flying ground support for infantry operations. By all accounts, they fought bravely and flew skillfully, seamlessly integrating with the 58th. They only lost one pilot and aircraft in combat. Negative Effects in Mexico World War II was not a time of unmitigated goodwill and progress for Mexico. The economic boom was mostly enjoyed by the rich and the gap between the rich and the poor widened to levels unseen since the reign of  Porfirio Dà ­az. Inflation raged out of control, and lesser officials and functionaries of Mexico’s immense bureaucracy,  left out of the economic benefits of the wartime boom, increasingly turned to accepting petty bribes (â€Å"la  mordida,† or â€Å"the bite†) to fulfill their functions. Corruption was rampant at higher levels, too, as wartime contracts and the flow of U.S. dollars created irresistible opportunities for dishonest industrialists and politicians to overcharge for projects or skim from budgets. This new alliance had its doubters on both sides of the borders. Many Americans complained of the high costs of modernizing their neighbor to the south, and some populist Mexican politicians railed against the U.S. intervention- this time economic, not military. Legacy All in all, Mexico’s support of the United States and timely entry into the war would prove highly beneficial. Transportation, industry, agriculture, and the military all took great leaps forward. The economic boom also helped indirectly improve other services such as education and health care. Most of all, the war created and strengthened ties with the U.S. that have lasted to this day. Before the war, relations between the U.S. and Mexico were marked by wars, invasions, conflict, and intervention. For the first time, the two countries worked together against a common enemy and immediately saw the vast benefits of cooperation. Although relations between the North American neighbors have undergone some rough patches since the war, they have never again sunk to the disdain and hatred of the 19th century. Sources Herring, Hubert.  A History of Latin America From the Beginnings to the Present.  New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962.Mathes, Michael. The Two Californias During World War II. California Historical Society Quarterly 44.4 (1965): 323-31.Niblo, Stephen R. Allied Policy toward Axis Interests in Mexico During World War II. Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 17.2 (2001): 351–73.Paz Salinas, Marà ­a Emilia. Strategy, Security, and Spies: Mexico and the U.S. as Allies in World War II. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997

Free Essays on Ambiguity Of Lies In Shakespeares Othello

OTHELLO In Shakespeare’s play Othello, there is an ambiguity in the use and meaning of the word ‘lie’. What Shakespeare does with this â€Å"lie† †lie† confusion is not only provide some humor with the confusion of the falsehood â€Å"lie†, and lodging â€Å"lie† he also prefigures another more serious confusion of â€Å"lies†, that are at the heart of the play. Shakespeare introduces this ambiguity with the use of the clown, who plays around with the ambiguities in the word ‘lie†, Iago lies to Othello about Desdemona and Cassio lying in bed, Desdemona lies to Othello about losing the handkerchief and Othello and Cassio now lie in Venice and are foreigners. Shakespeare's plays have at least one clown figure making an appearance and Othello, is no exception. These characters range from rogues who say only a line or two, to important figures like Touchstone and Falstaff. Even the smallest clown roles, show how the clown's freedom of speech allows him to become a mediator between the audience and the action of the play, helping audience interpretation. The clown uses colloquial speech playing to the common man with the Permission of the nobility-for laughter is a powerful tool, and everyone loves a clown. This alternate viewpoint is helpful when combined with the remainder of the thematic content of the play, for it solidifies the ideas present by reiterating them through the eyes of a distanced (if not disinterested) third party. The synthesis of all perspectives used ends in a greater comprehension of the play as a whole. (Culwell 6). We find an example of the Clown’s role as mediator between audience and action of the play in Act III. Sc. IV when Desdemona says â€Å"Do you know, sirrah, where the Lieutenant Cassio lies?† : - Clown; I dare not say he lies anywhere Des: Why man? Clown: He’s a soldier; and not for one to say a soldier lies is st... Free Essays on Ambiguity Of Lies In Shakespeare's Othello Free Essays on Ambiguity Of Lies In Shakespeare's Othello OTHELLO In Shakespeare’s play Othello, there is an ambiguity in the use and meaning of the word ‘lie’. What Shakespeare does with this â€Å"lie† †lie† confusion is not only provide some humor with the confusion of the falsehood â€Å"lie†, and lodging â€Å"lie† he also prefigures another more serious confusion of â€Å"lies†, that are at the heart of the play. Shakespeare introduces this ambiguity with the use of the clown, who plays around with the ambiguities in the word ‘lie†, Iago lies to Othello about Desdemona and Cassio lying in bed, Desdemona lies to Othello about losing the handkerchief and Othello and Cassio now lie in Venice and are foreigners. Shakespeare's plays have at least one clown figure making an appearance and Othello, is no exception. These characters range from rogues who say only a line or two, to important figures like Touchstone and Falstaff. Even the smallest clown roles, show how the clown's freedom of speech allows him to become a mediator between the audience and the action of the play, helping audience interpretation. The clown uses colloquial speech playing to the common man with the Permission of the nobility-for laughter is a powerful tool, and everyone loves a clown. This alternate viewpoint is helpful when combined with the remainder of the thematic content of the play, for it solidifies the ideas present by reiterating them through the eyes of a distanced (if not disinterested) third party. The synthesis of all perspectives used ends in a greater comprehension of the play as a whole. (Culwell 6). We find an example of the Clown’s role as mediator between audience and action of the play in Act III. Sc. IV when Desdemona says â€Å"Do you know, sirrah, where the Lieutenant Cassio lies?† : - Clown; I dare not say he lies anywhere Des: Why man? Clown: He’s a soldier; and not for one to say a soldier lies is st...

What influenced the writing of this piece of literature Essay

What influenced the writing of this piece of literature - Essay Example When it was first published, â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† did become famous, but it was only for the ability of the author to picturize the Bayou Louisiana so vividly, not for the tremendous social impact her writings had. Chopin’s writings were influenced by her personal life experiences, which were quite extraordinary. Monsieur Valmonde, a Creole gentleman, finds the infant Desiree abandoned by unknown persons near his home .He and his wife bring up the child as their own. Desiree grows up into a beautiful young woman, with whom their young aristocratic neighbor, Armand Aubigny falls in love. They get married, and Desiree is very happy at first. Soon she has a baby son and Armand is proud and happy. He becomes gentle even towards the slaves. Soon it becomes apparent to everybody around her that the baby is of mixed blood .Armand becomes cold towards her and when she asks him what was the meaning of it, Armand tells her bluntly that neither baby nor she is white. In despair, Desiree writes to her adopted mother who tells her to come home with the baby. She asks her husband whether she should go, and he tells her brutally to go. Desiree takes her baby and disappears into the bayou and is never seen again. Some time later, Armand puts everything that belonged to Desiree and her baby into the flames. During that time he comes across an old letter written by his mother to his father which reveals the secret that his own mother was not white. Written in a simple style, the story centers about the complex subject of miscegenation. The protagonist Desiree, is a woman of unknown parentage, who was found â€Å"lying asleep in the shadow of the big stone pillar†(Chopin) by Monsiur Valmonde, has been brought up as their own daughter by the childless Creole couple, Monsieur and Madame Valmonde. †The prevailing belief was that she had been purposely left by a party of Texans, whose canvas covered wagons, later in the day, had crossed the ferry

Article Review #1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Article Review #1 - Essay Example The independent variables were interpersonal-based service encounter and technology-based service encounter, while the dependent variables were brand loyalty and online purchase. The author applied The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model in predicting the behavioral intention of online purchases. The literature review is considered exhaustive, since it provided studies that explore the components, which impact consumer viewpoint perceptions of quality encounters, such as friendliness and display of proper emotions. It also mentioned studies that determined the relationship between service encounter satisfaction and repeat purchase intentions. From here, the author hypothesized that a positive customer encounter can motivate customers to use a hotel’s online reservation option. After that, the author connected studies that link satisfaction and brand loyalty and developed the second hypothesis from there. For two more hypotheses, the author identified the relationship between technology-based and interpersonal-relationship based encounters and brand loyalty. Finally, the author connected studies that built the relationship between brand loyalty and the intention to purchase services online. The research design followed the quantitative approach, with 2000 questionnaires distributed in 270 hotels. The response rate was 26.9% or 538, which is quite low. After eliminating incomplete replies, only 505 results were chosen. The hotels included international and national franchise hotels, as well as independent ones. The author improved the validity of this instrument through pre-testing and gathering insight from experts. Twenty tourists were used to pre-test the survey instrument. Factor analysis is applied, which is considered appropriate for the research, since it studied underlying data patterns. The findings adequately discussed if